DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Speaker (Reporter ) के द्वारा  कहे गए शब्दों को ज्यों का त्यों प्रयोग करना Direct Speech कहलाती है। Speaker (Reporter ) के द्वारा  कहे गए शब्दों को बदलकर अपने शब्दों में कहना Indirect Speech कहलाती है।

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH 

Direct Speech:- 

Reporting Speech - Inverted comma से पहले वाले भाग के 3 Parts हैं - (I) Subject (II) Reporting Verb (III) Object. तथा Inverted comma के अंदर वाला भाग Reported Speech कहलाता है। 

Example :- 

Raju said to me,"You are my friend."  

Subject - Raju

Reporting Verb - said to

Object - Me

Reported Speech -You are my friend

Change of tenses 

PRESENT INDEFINITE - PAST INDEFINITE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - PAST CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT - PAST PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT  CONTINUOUS - PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST INDEFINITE - PAST PERFECT

FUTURE TENSE ALL - PAST TENSE

MODAL AUXILIARIES  

WILL - WOULD

SHALL - SHOULD

CAN - CAULD

MAY - MIGHT

SUBJECT          OBJECT          POSSESSIVE WORDS                   

I                          ME                    MY , MINE

WE                     US                     OUR , OURS

YOU                  YOU                  YOUR , YOURS

HE                     HIM                   HIS

SHE                   HER                  HER , HERS

IT                       IT                      ITS   

THEY               THEM               THEIR , THEIRS

निकटता सूचक शब्दों में बदलाव 

DIRECT               INDIRECT

THIS                     THAT

HERE                   THERE

THESE                 THOSE

TODAY                THAT DAY

YESTERDAY      PREVIOUS DAY

TOMORROW     THE NEXT DAY

THUS                    SO

NOW                     THEN

AGO                      BEFORE

CHANGE OF PERSONS

123         SON

FIRST PERSON - Subject के अनुसार 

SECOND PERSON - Object के अनुसार 

THIRD PERSON - No Change.